What's the difference between 4x4 MIMO and CA (Carrier Aggregation) in LTE?

Look the difference with and without Massive MIMO

It is not nevessary to change PCI, since ARFCN is different

How can the UE handle MIMO 4x4 and carrier aggregation with a limited number of antennas? How can it work in real life?

In short MIMO will be more beneficial as it’s provides you gain in both coverage and capacity, As we know due to mimo gains we will able to improve our Channel quality and that helps you to reduce PRB utilisation and also PDCCH utilisation, as PDCCH utilisation reduced so your pdsch capacity increased . So in my opinion MIMO is better

Can aggregate two CCs having different MIMO? One carrier with Single tX and another Carrier with 2T2R?

Both MIMO and NRCA aim to enhance data rate and signal quality:

  1. Carrier Aggregation (CA) combines multiple frequency bands to increase the total available bandwidth. More bandwidth translates to higher capacity and a higher data rate.
  2. MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) increases the number of transmission paths between the UE (User Equipment) and the gNB (Next Generation NodeB). More transmission paths result in higher capacity and a higher data rate.
  3. By combining both MIMO and NRCA, the data rate can be significantly enhanced, as both the increased bandwidth (from CA) and additional transmission paths (from MIMO) work together to maximize throughput.