A Quick View on 5G RAN Functional Splits - From Nasscom Article:-
There are a total of 8 functional split options available as per 3GPP’s 5G-NR RAN specification.
Service providers can adopt one or more of these split architectures depending on the requirement and infrastructure. This will help service providers take advantage of disaggregated hardware and software approaches for various influencing factors such as Spectrum, Services, Bandwidth, and E2E Architecture.
Due to demanding front-haul requirements, 3GPP defined two 5G-NR split architectures. These are,
Option 2: High-level CU and DU split
Option 7.2: Low-level split for low-latency communication
O-RAN Alliance and Small Cell Forum (SCF) also proposed specifications for 5G functional split further enhancement to the base design.
Split 2: RRC(Radio Resource Control)/PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) Split
Split 6: MAC/PHY layer split
Split 7.2x: Low PHY/High PHY split
Split 8: PHY-RF split
The split options will be advantageous and provide gain only when a complete end-to-end network is considered while developing.
The O-RAN Alliance split 7.2x has two variants.
Split 7.2a: Precoding part of O-DU and Beamforming onward part of O-RU
Split 7.2b: Precoding onward part of O-RU.
Note: It’s not an exhaustive explanation; it’s a quick view!
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