Beamforming weights in 5G can be categorized into two main types: Static Weights and Dynamic Weights, each serving different purposes across various physical channels
Static Weights: These are pre-configured weights used for channels that do not require frequent updates or adaptation to channel conditions. They are typically applied to broadcast and control channels
Broadcast Channels (Static Weights):
- SSB (Synchronization Signal Block): Uses static beamforming weights to ensure wide coverage and reliable synchronization for initial access
- These weights are designed to cover a broad area without frequent adjustments
Control Channels (Static Weights):
- PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel): Employs static weights to reliably transmit control information such as scheduling grants
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel): Similarly uses static weights for uplink control signaling, ensuring consistent performance
CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal): Static weights are used for CSI-RS to measure channel quality and provide feedback for dynamic beamforming adjustments
TRS (Tracking Reference Signal): Static weights are applied to TRS to maintain tracking and synchronization with minimal overhead
Dynamic Weights: These weights are adaptive and change based on channel measurements and feedback, optimizing performance for data channels
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel): Dynamic beamforming weights are used to enhance downlink data transmission efficiency. These weights can be PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator)-based or SRS (Sounding Reference Signal)-based
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel): Similar to PDSCH, PUSCH employs dynamic weights to optimize uplink data transmission. The weights can also be PMI-based or SRS-based
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