5G base stations rely on phased arrays to steer signals and increase data rates. Beam steering circuits, however, consume power. Using waveguides could reduce energy consumption in base stations.
Waveguides are physical structures that direct electromagnetic waves from one point to another, confining energy within specific boundaries to control propagation, direction, and mode. While waveguide antennas are essential components in many telecommunications systems, they have yet to play a significant role in cellular base stations. This article explores the functionality of waveguides, compares metal and dielectric waveguide structures, and highlights key applications. It also discusses how dielectric and metal waveguide antennas can potentially improve 5G efficiency and contribute to the evolution of 6G.
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