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CP (Customer Premises): Refers to customer equipment, which could belong to a telecom network, data center, or oil and gas company.
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T (Transponder): A module that converts colorless signals to colored signals in the C or L band. It maps the client signal into OTN (Optical Transport Network) frames.
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ESC (Electrical Supervision Channel): A signal embedded within the OTN frame for in-band management. This is transported through bytes called GCC (General Communication Channels) located at the ODU (Optical Data Unit) and OTU (Optical Transport Unit) layers.
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DWDM Bands: Commonly used bands in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing include C, L, Extended C, Super C, and Super L bands.
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OM/OD (Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer): Devices used to combine (multiplexer) or distribute (demultiplexer) WDM channels.
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OA (Optical Amplifiers): Used to extend the reach of optical signals. Common types include EDFA (Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier) and Raman amplifiers.
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FIU (Fiber Interface Unit): A multiplexer that combines the OSC (Optical Supervision Channel) signal with traffic-carrying C band signals onto the line fiber.
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OSC (Optical Supervision Channel): A separate signal used to carry operations and maintenance (O&M) information on a distinct optical wavelength.
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L1 and L0 Layers: Refers to the processing of OTN frames, which is done electrically at L1, whereas DWDM operates optically at L0.
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Unidirectional vs. Bidirectional Communication:
- Unidirectional: Uses two separate fiber cables with channel reuse.
- Bidirectional: Uses a single fiber cable with different wavelengths for communication.
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