Baseband signals are transmitted using high-frequency periodic signals known as carrier signals. Modulation techniques encode these signals by adjusting parameters like amplitude (a), initial phase (φ), or frequency (f) to efficiently transmit data.
Modulation provides several key benefits:
- Reduces the size of the required antenna.
- Minimizes interference from other signals.
- Enables multiplexing, allowing multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously.
Common modulation types in telecom technologies include:
- QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) - Uses four phase shifts to encode two bits per symbol.
- 16-QAM (16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) - Combines amplitude and phase variations to encode 16 symbols.
- 64-QAM (64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) - Encodes six bits per symbol, increasing data rates.
- 256-QAM (256-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) - Enables even higher data throughput by encoding eight bits per symbol.
LinkedIn: 