That’s why we created the ROADMAP – a simple, friendly guide to make learning easy and clear. It helps you find your way through the sea of information so you can explore and enjoy the knowledge waiting for you.
Roadmap to LTE
LTE Fundamentals
LTE or Long-Term Evolution
Architecture
Interfaces
Channel Bandwidths
Frequency and Time Division Duplexing
Operating Bands
Bearer Types
Radio Resource Control States
Signalling Radio Bearers
Quality of Service
Mobility Management States
Connection Management States
Evolution of 3GPP Specifications
LTE Advanced
LTE Downlink Air-Interface
Multiple Access
Frame Structure
Resource Blocks
Modulation
OFDMA Signal Generation
OFDMA Symbol
Cyclic Prefix
Windowing
Inverse Fourier Transform
Fourier Transform
Transmitter and Receiver Chain
LTE Downlink Multiple Antenna Technologies
Antenna Ports
Transmission Modes
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Beamforming
Multi-User MIMO
Open and Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Multi-User MIMO
LTE Downlink Signals
Primary Synchronisation Signal
Secondary Synchronisation Signal
Cell Specific Reference Signals
MBSFN Reference Signals
UE Specific Reference Signals
Positioning Reference Signals
CSI Reference Signals
LTE Downlink Physical Channels
PBCH
PCFICH
PHITCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
PMCH
LTE Downlink Transport Channels
LTE Downlink Channel Type Mappings
Logical, Transport and Physical Channel Types
LTE Downlink Control Information
DCI Structure
Search Spaces
Timing for Resource Allocations
Uplink Resource Allocation Type 0
Uplink Resource Allocation Type 1
Uplink Frequency Hopping
Type 1 PUSCH Hopping
Type 2 PUSCH Hopping
Downlink Resource Allocation Type 0
Downlink Resource Allocation Type 1
Downlink Resource Allocation Type 2
DCI Format 0
DCI Format 1
DCI Format 1A
DCI Format 1B
DCI Format 1C
DCI Format 1D
DCI Format 2
DCI Format 2A
DCI Format 2B
DCI Format 2C
DCI Format 3
DCI Format 3A
DCI Format 4
LTE System Information
Structure
SI Detection Decoding
SI Scheduling
SI Modification
Master Information Block
System Information Block 1
System Information Block 2
System Information Block 3
System Information Block 4
System Information Block 5
System Information Block 6
System Information Block 7
System Information Block 8
System Information Block 9
System Information Block 10
System Information Block 11
System Information Block 12
System Information Block 13
LTE Uplink Air-Interface
Frame Structure and Timing
Resource Blocks
Multiple Access
Modulation
SC-FDMA Signal Generation
SC-FDMA Symbol
Cyclic Prefix and Windowing
Transmitter and Receiver Chain
LTE Uplink Multiple Antenna Technologies
Antenna Ports
Transmission Modes
Transmit Antenna Selection
Multi-User MIMO
Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing
Transmit Diversity
LTE Uplink Signals
Demodulation Reference Signal
PUSCH Demodulation Reference Signal
PUCCH Demodulation Reference Signal
Sounding Reference Signal
LTE Uplink Physical Channels
PRACH
PUCCH
PUCCH Formats 1, 1a, 1b
PUCCH Formats 2, 2a, 2b
PUCCH Format 3
PUCCH Resource Allocation
PUSCH
LTE Uplink Transport Channels
LTE Uplink Channel Type Mappings
Logical, Transport and Physical Channel Types
LTE Uplink Control Information
UCI Introduction
Channel State Information
Aperiodic CSI Reporting
Periodic CSI Reporting
Precoding Matrix Indicator
Precoding Type Indicator
Rank Indicator
Scheduling Request
HARQ ACK/NACK
LTE Carrier Aggregation
Carrier Aggregation Introduction
Carrier Organization
Intra-Band Carrier Aggregation
Inter-Band Carrier Aggregation
UE Capability
Measurements
Uplink Power Control
RRC Signaling
Cross Carrier Scheduling
Fast Activation and Deactivation
Data Flow
PHICH
Uplink Control Signaling
LTE UE Capabilities
UE Categories
Other Capabilities
Feature Group Indicators
LTE Bit Rates
Downlink Bit Rates
Uplink Bit Rates
LTE Measurements
RSRP
RSRQ
RSTD
UE RX-TX Time Difference
Reference Signal TX Power
Received Interference Power
Thermal Noise Power
Nw RX-TX Time Difference
Timing Advance
Angle of Arrival
LTE Measurement Reporting
Measurement Reporting Introduction
Layer 3 Filtering
Event A1
Event A2
Event A3
Event A4
Event A5
Event A6
Event B1
Event B2
LTE Idle Mode Procedures
PLMN Selection
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Priorities
Triggering Measurements
Mobility States
Ranking
Closed Subscriber Group Cells
Cell Status and Cell Reservations
Access Control
Paging Procedure
Paging Occasions
Idle Mode Signaling Reduction
LTE Physical And Mac Layer Procedures
Random Access
Timing Advance
HARQ
Repetition
Uplink Power Control
Channel Quality Indicator
Discontinuous Reception (DRX)
LTE Protocol Stacks
User Plane
PDCP
RLC
MAC
Physical
Control Plane
NAS
RRC
LTE Signaling Procedures
RRC Connection Establishment
Attach and Default Bearer Establishment
Dedicated Bearer Establishment
Tracking Area Update
Intra-System Handover
LTE Voice Services
Voice Introduction
CS Fallback
Voice over IP (VoIP)
VoIP Protocol Stack
Header Compression
Voice over LTE via Generic Access (VoLGA)
Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)
Radio Resource Management
TT1 Bundling
Semi-Persistent Scheduling
LTE Multimedia Broadcast Services
Multimedia Broadcast Services Introduction
Architecture
Channels and Signals
MCCH Scheduling
MCCH Messages
MTCH Scheduling
Session Start Procedure
Content Synchronization
Counting Procedure
LTE Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission
Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission Introduction
Downlink
Uplink
LTE Heterogeneous Networks
Heterogeneous Networks Introduction
Macro BTS
Micro BTS
Pico BTS
Femto BTS
Repeater
Relay Node
LTE Network Planning
Radio Network Planning
Path Loss Based Approach
Simulation Based Approach
Link Budgets
Uplink Link Budget
Downlink Link Budget
Frequency Planning
Cyclic Prefix
Physical Layer Cell Identity
PRACH Parameter Planning
Preamble Format
Configuration Index
Zero Correlation Zone
Root Sequence Index
Frequency Offset
Uplink Reference Signal Sequences
Cell and BTS Identity Planning
Tracking Areas
Neighbor Planning
Neighbor Within LTE
Neighbor Within UMTS
Neighbor Within GSM
Co-Siting
LTE Self Organizing Network
Self Organizing Network Introduction
Configuration of S1-MME Interface
Configuration of X2 Interface
Intra-Frequency Automatic Neighbor Relations
Inter-Freq/System Automatic Neighbor Relations
Transport Network Layer Address Discovery
Physical Layer Cell Identity Selection
Mobility Load Balancing
Mobility Robustness Optimization
RACH Optimization
Energy Saving
Radio Link Failure Reporting
UE History Information
Inter Cell Interference Coordination
Minimization of Drive Tests
Logged MDT
Immediate MDT
LTE Ue Identities
RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifier)
GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary Identifier)
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
S-TMSI (SAE Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity)
Roadmap to 5G NR
5G NR Fundamentals
Fundamentals
Use Cases
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)
Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC)
Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC)
Vehicle to Everything V2X
Requirements
Network Architecture
Reference Point System Architecture
Service Based System Architecture
Network Functions
Base Station Architectures
Standalone Base Station
Non-Standalone Base Station
CU-DU Split Base Station
CP-UP Separation
Antenna Architectures
Base Station Classes
Interfaces
Xn Interface
F1 Interface
E1 Interface
NG Interface
X2 Interface
Protocol Stacks
User Plane
Control Plane
RRC States
RRC Idle
RRC Connected
RRC Inactive
Registration Management
Connection Management
Access Control
Signalling Radio Bearers
PDU Sessions
Quality of Service
Network Slicing
Edge Computing
MICO Mode
UE Capabilities
Spectrum
Duplex Modes
Operating Bands
Band Combinations
Millimeter Wave Propagation
MIMO
Beamforming
3GPP Specifications
5G NR Air Interface
Numerology
Radio Frames and Slots
RB & BWP (Resource Blocks and Bandwidth Parts)
Common Resource Blocks
BWP (Bandwidth Parts)
PRB (Physical Resource Blocks)
VRB (Virtual Resource Blocks)
Channel Bandwidths
Frequency Raster
Channel Raster
Synchronisation Raster
AP & QCL (Antenna Ports and Quasi Co-location)
Modulation
CP (Cyclic Prefix)
Waveform
CP-OFDM
DFT-S-OFDM
Tx/Rx chain (Transmitter and Receiver Chain)
5G NR Downlink Signals And Channels
Downlink Channel Mappings
SS (Synchronisation Signals)
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
SS/PBCH Blocks and Bursts
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
CORESET (Control Resource Set)
SSS (Search Space Sets)
Search Space Set (SIB1)
DCI (Downlink Control Information)
DCI Formats (0_0 to 2_3)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme)
TBS (Transport Block Size)
Physical Layer Processing
Resource Allocations
Resource Block Bundling
Pre-emption
Reserved Resources
Repetition
RS (Reference Signals)
DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) for PBCH
DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) for PDCCH
DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) for PDSCH
CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal)
TRS (Tracking Reference Signal)
PTRS (Phase Tracking Reference Signal)
5G NR Downlink Transmission Schemes
PBCH
PDCCH
PDSCH
Open Loop MIMO
Semi-Open Loop MIMO
Closed Loop MIMO
Multi-User MIMO
Reciprocity Based
Multiple TRP
5G NR Flow Of Downlink Data
SDAP Layer
PDCP Layer
RLC Layer
RLC TM (Transparent Mode)
RLC UM (Unacknowledged Mode)
RLC AM (Acknowledged Mode)
MAC Layer
5G NR System Information
MIB (Master Information Block)
SIB1 (System Information Block 1)
SIB2 (System Information Block 2)
SIB3 (System Information Block 3)
SIB4 (System Information Block 4)
SIB5 (System Information Block 5)
SIB6 (System Information Block 6)
SIB7 (System Information Block 7)
SIB8 (System Information Block 8)
SIB9 (System Information Block 9)
SIB10 (System Information Block 10)
SIB11 (System Information Block 11)
SIB12 (System Information Block 12)
SIB13 (System Information Block 13)
SIB14 (System Information Block 14)
SIB15 (System Information Block 15)
SIB16 (System Information Block 16)
SIB17 (System Information Block 17)
SIB18 (System Information Block 18)
SIB19 (System Information Block 19)
SIB20 (System Information Block 20)
SIB21 (System Information Block 21)
5G NR Uplink Signals And Channels
Uplink Channel Mappings
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
PRACH Generation
Long Sequence PRACH Formats
Short Sequence PRACH Formats
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)
PUCCH Format 0
PUCCH Format 1
PUCCH Format 2
PUCCH Format 3
PUCCH Format 4
PUCCH Repetition
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
PUSCH MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme)
PUSCH TBS (Transport Block Size)
PUSCH Physical Layer Processing
PUSCH Resource Allocations
Uplink Reference Signals
DMRS-PUSCH (Demodulation Reference Signal for PUSCH)
DMRS-PUCCH (Demodulation Reference Signal for PUCCH)
SRS (Sounding Reference Signal)
PTRS (Phase Tracking Reference Signal)
5G NR Uplink Transmission Schemes
Codebook
Codebook Based Transmission
Non-Codebook Based Transmission
5G NR Beam Management
Initial Acquisition
Downlink Beam Refinement
Uplink Beam Refinement
Mobility
PMI Beam Selection
Beam Failure & Recovery
5G NR UE Measurements
SS-RSRP
SS-RSRQ
SS-SINR
CSI-RSRP
CSI-RSRQ
CSI-SINR
SFN and Frame Timing Difference
Other 5G NR UE Measurements
5G NR 5G NR Measurement Reporting
Cell Level Results
Layer 3 Filtering
Event A1
Event A2
Event A3
Event A4
Event A5
Event A6
Event B1
Event B2
5G NR Idle Mode Procedures
PLMN Selection
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Absolute Priorities
Triggering Measurements
Mobility States
Reselection
Paging
Paging Procedure
Paging Occasions
5G NR Physical And Mac Layer Procedures
RA (Random Access)
CBRA (Contention-Based Random Access)
CFRA (Contention-Free Random Access)
PRA (Prioritised Random Access)
TA (Timing Advance)
ULPC (Uplink Power Control)
ULPC PUSCH
ULPC PUCCH
ULPC SRS
ULPC UE Power Class
ULPC Multiple Uplink Carriers
DLPC (Downlink Power Control)
HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request)
Downlink HARQ
Uplink HARQ
CSR (Channel State Reporting)
CQI (Channel Quality Indicator)
RI (Rank Indicator)
PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator)
LI (Layer Indicator)
SSBRI, CRI and L1-RSRP
UL-RR (Uplink Resource Request)
SR (Scheduling Request)
BSR (Buffer Status Reporting)
PHR (Power Headroom Reporting)
RLM (Radio Link Monitoring)
BF (Beam Failure)
RLF (Radio Link Failure)
DRX (Discontinuous Reception)
5G NR 5G NR Voice Services
Voice over New Radio
EPS Fallback
RAT Fallback
5G NR 5G NR Signalling Procedures
LTE RRC Idle Mode
EN-DC Secondary Cell Addition
RRC Connection Setup
Initial Context Setup
XN Based Handover
RRC Connection Release
5G NR 5G NR Radio Network Planning
Operating Band
NR-ARFCN & GSCN
Slot Format
Antenna Solution
Downlink Transmit Power
PCI Allocation
Cyclic Prefix
CSI Reference Signal
Phase Tracking Reference Signal
PRACH Planning
PRACH Format
PRACH Configuration Index
Zero Correlation Zone
High-Speed Flag
Root Sequence Index
PRACH Frequency Offset
Neighbour Planning
Cell & BTS Identity Planning
RAN Notification Area Planning
Tracking Area Planning
Throughput Expectations
Downlink Throughput
Uplink Throughput